Odborné štúdie

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LGG^® a BB12^® s prebiotikom môžu priaznivo ovplyvniť zdravotný stav niektorých onkologických pacientov
Probiotické kmene LGG^® a BB12^® majú antimutagénne, detoxifikačné účinky a potenciál priaznivo ovplyvniť zdravotný stav niektorých onkologických pacientov

Črevná mikroflóra zdravých jedincov je iná ako u obéznych ľudí a/alebo u pacientov s DM7
Probiotické kmene LGG^® a BB12^®zlepšujú reguláciu hladiny glukózy počas tehotenstva, ako aj po pôrode.

Probiotické organizmy dokážu zabrániť väzbe patogénov na mukózu.
Adhézia patogénov k bunkám hostiteľa je prvým a základným krokom rozvoja mnohých ochorení.

Probiotické organizmy môžu zlepšiť bariérovú funkciu čreva
Permeabilita črevnej mukózy je určujúca pre bariérovú funkciu čreva a mení sa vplyvom vírusov, baktérií alebo potravinových antigénov.

Užívanie probiotík s antibiotikami
Napriek tomu, že BB-12^® i LGG^® sú prirodzene rezistentné na mnohé antibiotiká12 a každý z kmeňov je nositeľom jedinečnej antibiotickej rezistencie probiotikum je bezpečnejšie a účinnejšie podávať až po užití antibiotika.

Schopnosť adhézie k črevnej mukóze sa považuje za jedno zo základných selekčných kritérií probiotických baktérií.
Synergické pôsobenie LGG® a BB12® na mukóze in vitro dáva predpoklad potencovanej účinnosti oboch kmeňov in vivo.

Kolonizácia tráviaceho traktu hostiteľa probiotickými baktériami je základným predpokladom ich účinnosti.
Probiotické baktérie kolonizujú tráviaci trakt človeka dočasne, a súčasťou trvalej mikroflóry sa stali len výnimočne:

Ďalšie odborné štúdie Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG® a Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12®

1. Účinky na zdravé črevo

1.1. Adhézia a kolonizácia

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COCONNIER, M. H., KLAENHAMMER, T. R., et al. 1992. Protein-mediated adhesion of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2FO4 on human enterocyte and mucus secreting cell lines in culture. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 58(6): 2034-2039.
COLLADO, M. C., J. MERILUOTO, et al. 2007. Development of new probiotics by strain combinations: is it possible to improve the adhesion to intestinal mucus? J. Dairy Sci. 90(6): 2710-2716.
ELO, S., SAXELIN, M., et al. 1991. Attachment of Lactobacillus casei strain GG to human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2: comparison with other dairy strains. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 13: 154-156.
GOLDIN, B. R., GORBACH, S. L., et al. 1992. Survival of Lactobacillus species (strain GG) in human gastrointestinal tract. Dig. Dis. Sci. 37(1): 121-128.
GUARINO, M. P., A. ALTOMARE, et al. 2008. Effect of acute mucosal exposure to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on human colonic smooth muscle cells. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 42 S3(2): 185-190. HE F.,
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CHARTERIS, W. P., KELLY, P. M., et al. 1998. Development and application of an in vitro methodology to determine the transit tolerance of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species in the upper human gastrointestinal tract. J. Appl. Microbiol. 84: 759-768.
CHAUVIÉRE, G., COCONNIER, M. H., et al. 1992. Adhesion of human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB to human enterocyte-like Caco2 cells. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 1689-1696.
JACOBSEN, C. N., ROSENFELDT NIELSEN, V., et al. 1999. Screening of probiotic activities of forty-seven strains of Lactobacillus spp. by in vitro techniques and evaluation of the colonization ability of five selected strains in humans. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 65(11): 4949-4956.
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KAILA, M., ISOLAURI, E., et al. 1998. Fecal recovery of a human Lactobacillus strain (ATCC 53103) during dietary therapy of rotavirus diarrhea in infants. Biosci. Microflora 17(2): 149-151.
KANKAANPÄÄ, P., SALMINEN, S. J., et al. 2001. The influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids on probiotic growth and adhesion. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 194 : 149-153.
KIRJAVAINEN, P. V., OUWEHAND, A. C., et al. 1998. The ability of probiotic bacteria to bind to human intestinal mucus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 167: 185-189.
LARSEN, N., P. NISSEN, et al. 2007. The effect of calcium ions on adhesion and competitive exclusion of Lactobacillus ssp. and E. coli O138. Int. J. Food. Microbiol. 114(1): 113-119.
LEBEER, S., I. J. CLAES, et al. 2008. Impact of luxS and suppressor mutations on the gastrointestinal transit of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74(15): 4711-4718.
LEBEER, S., S. C. DE KEERSMAECKER, et al. 2007. Functional analysis of luxS in the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG reveals a central metabolic role important for growth and biofilm formation. J. Bacteriol. 189(3): 860-871.
LEE, Y. K., LIM, C. Y., et al. 2000. Quantitative approach in the study of adhesion of lactic acid bacteria to intestinal cells and their competition with enterobacteria. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 66(9): 3692-3697.
LEE, Y. K. and PUONG, K. Y. 2002. Competition for adhesion between probiotics and human gastrointestinal pathogens in the presence of carbohydrate. Br. J. Nutr. 88(S1): 101-108.
LEHTO, E. M. and SALMINEN, S. 1997. Adhesion of two Lactobacillus strains, one Lactococcus and one Probiobacterium strain to cultured human intestinal Caco-2 cell line. Biosci. Microflora 16: 13-17.
MACK, D. R., AHRNE, S., et al. 2003. Extracellular MUC3 mucin secretion follows adherence of Lactobacillus strains to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Gut 52(6): 827-833.
MACK, D. R., MICHAIL, S., et al. 1999. Probiotics inhibit enteropathogenis E. coli adherence in vitro by inducing intestinal mucin gene expression. Am. J. Physiol. 276: 941-950.
MACK, D. R., McDONALD, T. L., et al. 2003. The conserved TFLK motif of mammary-associated serum amyloid A3 is responsible for up- regulation of intestinal MUC3 mucin expression in vitro. Pediatr. Res. 53(1): 137-142.
MATTAR, A.F., TEITELBAUM, D. H., et al. 2002. Probiotics up-regulate MUC-2 mucin gene expression in a Caco-2 cell-culture model. Pediatr. Surg. Int. 18(7): 586-590.
MOHAN, R., KOEBNICK, C., et al. 2006. Effects of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 supplementation on intestinal microbiota of preterm infants: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44(11): 4025-4031.
OUWEHAND, A. C., G_STREN, S., et al. 2000. Wheat or rye supplemented diets do not affect faecal mucus concentration or the adhesion of probiotic micro-organisms to faecal mucus. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 31: 30-33.
OUWEHAND, A. C., ISOLAURI, E., et al. 2000. The mucus binding of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 is enhanced in the presence of Lactobacillus GG and Lact. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 30: 10-13.
OUWEHAND, A. C., KIRJAVAINEN, P. V., et al. 1999. Adhesion of probiotic micro-organisms to intestinal mucus. Int. Dairy J. 9: 623-630.
OUWEHAND, A. C., NIEMI, P., et al. 1999. The normal faecal flora does not affect the adhesion of probiotic bacteria in vitro. FEMS Micro biol. Lett. 177: 35-38.
OUWEHAND A. C., PARHIALA R., et al. 2004. Influence of the endogenous mucosal microbiota on the adhesion of probiotic bacteria in vitro. Microbial. Ecol. Health. Disease 16(4): 202-204.
OUWEHAND, A. C., SALMINEN, S., et al. 2003. Disease-dependent adhesion of lactic acid bacteria to the human intestinal mucosa. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10(4): 643-646.
OUWEHAND, A. C., SALMINEN, S., et al. 2002. Dependent adhesion of lactic acid bacteria to colonic tissue in vitro. Microecol. Therapy 29: 95-102.
OUWEHAND, A. C., SALMINEN, S., et al. 2002. Resected human colonic tissue: new model for characterizing adhesion of lactic acid bacteria. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9(1): 184-186.
OUWEHAND, A. C., TUOMOLA, E.M., et al. 2001. Assessment of adhesion properties of novel probiotic strains to human intestinal mucus. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 64: 119-126.
OUWEHAND, A. C., TÖLKKÖ, S., et al. 2000. Adhesion of inactivated probiotic strains to intestinal mucus. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 31: 82-86.
OUWEHAND A. C., TÖLKKÖ S., et al. 2001. The effect of digestive enzymes on the adhesion of probiotic bacteria in vitro. J. Food Sci. 66: 856-859.
PETSCHOW, B. W., R. FIGUEROA, et al. 2005. Effects of feeding an infant formula containing Lactobacillus GG on the colonization of the intestine: a dose-response study in healthy infants. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 39(9): 786-790.
PIIRAINEN, L., R. A. KEKKONEN, et al. 2008. In school-aged children a combination of galacto-oligosaccharides and Lactobacillus GG increases bifidobacteria more than Lactobacillus GG on its own. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 52(3): 204-208.
RINKINEN, M., WESTERMARCK, E., et al. 2003. Absence of host specificity for in vitro adhesion of probiotic lactic acid bacteria to intestinal mucus. Vet. Microbiol. 97: 55-61.
RINNE, M., M. KALLIOMAKI, et al. 2005. Effect of probiotics and breastfeeding on the bifidobacterium and lactobacillus/enterococcus microbiota and humoral immune responses. J. Pediatr. 147(2): 186-191.
RUAS-MADIEDO, P., GUEIMONDE, M., et al. 2006. Short communication: effect of exopolysaccharide isolated from "villi" on the adhesion of probiotics and pathogens to intestinal mucus. J. Dairy Sci. 89(7): 2355-2358.
SAREM-DAMERDJI, L.O., SAREM, F., et al. 1995. In vitro colonization ability of human mucosa by exogenous Lactobacillus strains. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 131: 133-137.
SAXELIN, M., AHOKAS, M., et al. 1993. Dose response on the faecal colonization of Lactobacillus strain GG administered in two different formulations. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 6: 119-122.
SAXELIN, M., ELO, S., SALMINEN, S., et al. 1991. Dose response colonization of faeces after oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain GG. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 4: 209-214.
SAXELIN, M., PESSI, T., et al. 1995. Fecal recovery following oral administration of Lactobacillus strain GG (ATCC 53103) in gelatine capsules to healthy volunteers. Int. J. Food Microb. 25: 199-203.
SCHULTZ, M., C. GOTTL, et al. 2004. Administration of oral probiotic bacteria to pregnant women causes temporary infantile colonization. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 38(3): 293-297.
ŠTYRIAK, I., NEMCOVA, R., et al. 2003. Binding of extracellular matrix molecules by probiotic bacteria. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 37: 329-33.
SUMERI, I., L. ARIKE, et al. 2008. Single bioreactor gastrointestinal tract simulator for study of survival of probiotic bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 80(2): 317-324.
TUOMOLA, E. M., OUWEHAND, A.C., et al. 1999. Human ileostomy glycoproteins as a model for small intestinal mucus to investigate adhesion of probiotics. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 28: 159-163.
TUOMOLA, E. M., OUWEHAND, A.C., et al. 1999. The effect of probiotic bacteria on the adhesion of pathogens to human intestinal mucus. FEMS Immunol. Medic. Microbiol. 26: 137-142.
TUOMOLA, E. M., OUWEHAND, A.C., et al. 2000. Chemical, physical and enzymatic pre-treatments of probiotic lactobacilli alter their adhesion to human intestinal mucus glycoproteins. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 60: 75-81.
TUOMOLA, E. M, and SALMINEN, S. 1998. Adhesion of some probiotic and dairy Lactobacillus strains to Caco-2 cell cultures. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 41: 45-51.
VESTERLUND, S., M. KARP, et al. 2006. Staphylococcus aureus adheres to human intestinal mucus but can be displaced by certain lactic acid bacteria. Microbiology 152(6): 1819-1826.
VESTERLUND, S., J. PALTTA, et al. 2005. Adhesion of bacteria to resected human colonic tissue: quantitative analysis of bacterial adhesion and viability. Res. Microbiol. 156(2): 238-244.
WAGNER, R.D., PIERSON, C., et al. 2000. Probiotic effects of feeding heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei to Candida albicans-colonized immunodeficient mice. J. Food Protect. 63(5): 638-644.
WAGNER, R.D., WARNER, T., et al. 1997. Colonization of congenitally immunodeficient mice with probiotic bacteria. Infect. Immun. 65:3345-3351.
1.2. Inhibícia rastu škodlivých baktérií, zníženie výskytu alebo trvania infekcií

BUSSCHER, H. J., FREE, R. H., et al. 1999. Preliminary observations on influence of dairy products on biofilm removal from silicone rubber voice prostheses in vitro. J. Dairy Sci. 83: 641-647.
CAREY, C. M., M. KOSTRZYNSKA, et al. 2008. The effect of probiotics and organic acids on Shiga-toxin 2 gene expression in enter ohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. J. Microbiol. Methods 73(2): 125-132.
COCONNIER, M. H., LIEVIN, V., et al. 1998. Antagonistic activity against Helicobacter infection in vitro and in vivo by the human Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 64(11): 4573-4580.
COLLADO, M. C., L. JALONEN, et al. 2006. Protection mechanism of probiotic combination against human pathogens: in vitro adhesion to human intestinal mucus. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 15(4): 570-575.
OUWEHAND A. C., PARHIALA R., et al. 2004. Influence of the endogenous mucosal microbiota on the adhesion of probiotic bacteria in vitro. Microbial. Ecol. Health. Disease 16(4): 202-204.
DE KEERSMAECKER, S. C., T. L. VERHOEVEN, et al. 2006. Strong antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against Salmonella typhimurium is due to accumulation of lactic acid. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 259(1): 89-96.
DE VRESE, M., P. RAUTENBERG, et al. 2005. Probiotic bacteria stimulate virus-specific neutralizing antibodies following a booster polio vaccination. Eur. J. Nutr. 44(7): 406-413.
FAYOL-MESSAOUDI, D., C. N. BERGER, et al. 2005. pH-, lactic acid-, and non-lactic acid-dependent activities of probiotic Lactobacilli against Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71(10): 6008-6013.
FAYOL-MESSAOUDI, D., M. H. COCONNIER-POLTER, et al. 2007. The Lactobacillus plantarum strain ACA-DC287 isolated from a Greek cheese demonstrates antagonistic activity in vitro and in vivo against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. J. Appl. Microbiol. 103(3): 657-665.
HIRANO, J., YOSHIDA, T., et al. 2003. The effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection of human intestinal cells in vitro. Microbiol. Immunol. 47(6): 405-409.
HONEYCUTT, T. C., M. EL KHASHAB, et al. 2007. Probiotic administration and the incidence of nosocomial infection in pediatric intensive care: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. 8(5): 452-458.
HUDAULT, S., LIÉVIN, V., et al. 1997. Antagonistic activity exerted in vitro and in vivo by Lactobacillus casei (strain GG) against Salmonella typhimurium C5 infection. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 513-518.
HUTT, P., J. SHCHEPETOVA, et al. 2006. Antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens. J. Appl. Microbiol. 100(6): 1324-1332.
LEE, Y. K., K. Y. PUONG, et al. 2003. Displacement of bacterial pathogens from mucus and Caco-2 cell surface by lactobacilli. J. Med. Microbiol. 52(10): 925-930.
LEHTO, E., and SALMINEN, S. 1997. Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium adhesion to Caco-2 cell cultures by Lactobacillus strain GG spent culture supernate: only a pH effect? FEMS Immunol. Medical Microbiol. 18: 125-132.
MAKRAS, L., V. TRIANTAFYLLOU, et al. 2006. Kinetic analysis of the antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacilli towards Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium reveals a role for lactic acid and other inhibitory compounds. Res. Microbiol. 157(3): 241-247.
MANLEY, K. J., M. B. FRAENKEL, et al. 2007. Probiotic treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: a randomised controlled trial. Med.
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RUAS-MADIEDO, P., M. GUEIMONDE, et al. 2006. Exopolysaccharides produced by probiotic strains modify the adhesion of probiotics and enteropathogens to human intestinal mucus. J. Food Prot. 69(8): 2011-2015.
RUAS-MADIEDO, P., M. GUEIMONDE et al. 2006. Short communication: effect of exopolysaccharide isolated from "villi" on the adhesion of probiotics and pathogens to intestinal mucus. J. Dairy Sci. 89(7): 2355-2358.
SAARELA, M., MAUKONEN, J., et al. 2007. Tetracycline susceptibility of the ingested Lactobacillus acidophilus LaCH-5 and Bifidoba cterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 strains during antibiotic/probiotic intervention. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 29(3): 271-280.
SILVA A. M., BAMBIRRA E. A., et al. 1999. Protective effect of bifidus milk on the experimental infection with Salmonella enteritidis subsp. typhimurium in conventional and gnotobiotic mice. J. Appl. Microbiol. 86(2): 331-336.
SILVA A. M., BARBOSA A. M., et al. 2002. Influence of oral treatment with Bifidobacterium Bb12 and Bb46 on Salmonella typhimurium translocation and clearance of Escherichia coli in gnotobiotic and conventional mice. Microecol. Therapy 29(1): 179-184.
SILVA, M., JACOBUS, N. V., et al. 1987. Antimicrobial substance from a human Lactobacillus strain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 31(8): 1231-1233.
SHERMAN, M. P., S. H. BENNETT, et al. 2004. Neonatal small bowel epithelia: enhancing anti-bacterial defense with lactoferrin and Lactobacillus GG. Biometals 17(3): 285-289.
VANDERHOOF J. A. and YOUNG R. J. 1998. Use of probiotics in childhood gastrointestinal disorders. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 27(3): 323-32.
WAGNER, R. D., PIERSON, C., et al. 1997. Biotherapeutic effects of probiotic bacteria on Candidiasis in immunodeficient mice. Infect. Immun. 65: 4165-4172.
YANG, Z., SUOMALAINEN, T., et al. 1997. Antimicrobial activity of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria. J. Food Protect. 60 (7): 786-790.
WEIZMAN Z., ASLI G., et al. 2005. Effect of a probiotic infant formula on infections in child care centers: comparison of two probiotic agents. Pediatrics, 115(1): 5-9.

1.3. Vývoj črevnej mikroflóry a jej mikroekológia

AGARWAL, R., SHARMA, N., et al. 2003. Effects of oral Lactobacillus GG on enteric microflora in low-birth-weight neonates. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 36(3): 397-402.
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BANASAZ, M., NORIN, E., et al. 2002. Increased enterocyte production in gnotobiotic rats mono-associated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 68(6): 3031-3034.
BENNO, Y., HE, F., et al. 1996. Effect of Lactobacillus GG yoghurt on human intestinal microecology in Japanese subjects. Nutrition Today 31 (6, S1): 9-11.
BROCCALI, G., BERTI, M., et al. 2000. Study of the effect of Lactobacillus GG supplementation in combination with and without arginine aspartate on lipoproteins and liver peroxidation in cholesterol-fed rats. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 51(6): 475- 482.
BUSSCHER, H.J., FREE, R.H., et al. 2000. Preliminary observations on influence of dairy products on biofilm removal from silicone rubber voice prostheses in vitro. J. Dairy Sci. 83: 641-647.
CARDONA,M.E.,MIDTVEDT,T.,et al.2001.Probiotics in gnotobiotic mice:Short-chain fatty acids production in vitro and in vivo. Scand. J. Lab. Anim. Sci. 28(2): 75-84.
DE VRESE, M., P. RAUTENBERG, et al. 2005. Probiotic bacteria stimulate virus-specific neutralizing antibodies following a booster polio
CARDONA, M .E., de V. VANAY, V., et al. 2000. Probiotics in gnotobiotic mice. Conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol in vitro and in vivo and bile acid deconjugation in vitro. Microbial. Ecol. Health Dis. 12: 219-224.
CARDONA, M. E., de V. VANAY, V., et al. 2002. Effect of probiotics on five biochemical microflora-associated characteristics, in vitro and in vivo. Scand. J. Nutr. 46(2): 73-79.
CRITTENDEN, R.G., MARTINEZ, N.R., et al. 2002. Synthesis and utilisation of folate by yoghurt starter cultures and probiotic bacteria. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 80: 217-222.
DANI, C., BIADAIOLI, R., et al. 2002. Probiotics feeding in prevention of urinary tract infection, bacterial sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. A prospective double-blind study. Biol. Neonate 82(2): 103-108.
ELMADFA, I., HEINZLE, C. O., et al. 2001. Influence of a probiotic yoghurt on the status of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 in the healthy adult human. Ann. Nutr. Metabol. 45: 13-18.
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FUKUSHIMA Y., LI S. T., et al. 1997. Effect of follow-up formula containing bifidobacteria (NAN BF) on fecal flora and fecal metabolites in healthy children. Biosci. Microflora 16(2): 65-72.
HOIER E. and HIER E. 1992. Saaure und Gallentolerantz von Lactobacillus acidophilus und Bifidobackterien. Lebensmittelindustrie Milchwirtschaft 26: 769-772.
GRÖNLUND, M. M., LEHTONEN, O. P., et al. 1997. Lactobacillus GG supplementation does not reduce faecal colonization of Klebsiella oxytoca in pre-term infants. Acta Paediatr. 86: 785-786.
GUEIMONDE, M., M. KALLIOMAKI, et al. 2006. Probiotic intervention in neonates - will permanent colonization ensue? J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 42(5): 604-606.
GUEIMONDE, M., S. SAKATA, et al. 2006. Effect of maternal consumption of Lactobacillus GG on transfer and establishment of fecal bifidobacterial microbiota in neonates. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 42(2): 166-170.
HOSODA, M., HE, F., et al. 1994. Effects of Lactobacillus GG strain intake on fecal microflora and defecation in healthy volunteers. Bifidus 8: 21-28.
HOSODA, M., HE, F., et al. 1998. Effects of fermented-milk with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG strain administration on defecation, putrefactive metabolites and fecal microflora of healthy volunteers. J. Nutritional Food 1(3-4): 1-9.
HOVE H., NORDGAARD-ANDERSEN I., et al. 1994. Effect of lactic acid bacteria on the intestinal production of lactate and short-chain fatty acids and the absorption of lactose. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 59(1): 74-79.
KANKAANPÄÄ, P. E., YANG, B., et al. 2002. Influence of probiotic supplemented infant formula on composition of plasma lipids in atopic infants. J. Nutr. Biochem. 13(6): 364-369.
KONTULA, P., JASKARI, J., et al. 1998. The colonization of a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem by a probiotic strain fed on a fermented oat bran product: effects on the gastrointestinal microflora. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 50: 246-252.
KORHONEN, R., KORPELA, R., et al. 2002. Signalling mechanisms involved in the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, endotoxin, and lipoteichoic acid. Inflammation 26(5): 207-214.
KORHONEN, R., KORPELA, R., et al. 2001. Induction of nitric oxide synthesis by probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in J774 macrophages and human T84 intestinal epithelial cells. Inflammation 25(4): 223-232.
KORHONEN, R., O. KOSONEN, et al. 2004. The expression of COX2 protein induced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, endotoxin and lipoteichoic acid in T84 epithelial cells. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 39(1): 19-24.
LAHTINEN, S., SAARINEN, N. M., et al. 2002. Interactions between lignans and probiotics. Microbiol. Ecol. Health Dis. 14: 106-109.
LANGHENDRIES J. P., DETRY J., et al. 1995. Effect of a fermented infant formula containing viable bifidobacteria on the fecal flora composition and pH of healthy full-term infants. J. Pediatric Gastroenterol. Nutr. 21: 177-181.
LESNIEWSKA, V., ROWLAND, I., et al. 2006. Effect on components of the intestinal microflora and plasma neuropeptide levels of feeding Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Bifidobacterium lactis, and inulin to adult and elderly rats. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72(10): 6533-6538.
MARINI, A., CLERICI-BAGOZZI, D., et al. 1997. Microbiological and immunological observations in the stools of preterm neonates orally treated with probiotic products. Note III: treatment with Lactobacillus GG. Dev. Physiopath. Clin. 7: 87-94.
MARINI, A., NEGRETTI, F., et al. 2003. Pro- and pre-biotics administration in preterm infants: colonization and influence on faecal flora. Acta Paediatr. Suppl. 441: 80-81.
MILLAR, M. R., LINTON, C. J., et al. 1996. Application of 16S rRNA gene PCR to study bowel flora of preterm infants with and without necrotizing enterocolitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34(10): 2506-10.
MILLAR, M. R., BACON, C., et al. 1993. Enteral feeding of premature infants with Lactobacillus GG. Arch. Dis. Child. 69: 483-487.
MIRASOLI, M., RODA, A., et al. 2002. Cholic acid metabolism in human fecal cultures during diet supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Minerva Gastroenterol. Dietol. 48: 45-49.
NOSOVA, T., JOUSIMIES-SOMER, H., et al. 2000. Acetaldehyde production and metabolism by human indigenous and probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Alcohol Alcohol. 35(6): 561-568.
OUWEHAND A. C., KURVINEN T., et al. 2004. Use of a probiotic Bifidobacterium in a dry food matrix, an in vivo study. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 95(1): 103-106.
SEPP, E., TAMM, E., et al. 1995. Impact of a Lactobacillus probiotic on the faecal microflora in children with shigellosis. Microecol. Therapy. 23: 74-80.
SEPP, E., MIKELSAAR, M., et al. 1993. Effect of administration of Lactobacillus casei strain GG on the gastrointestinal microbiota of newborns. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 6: 309-314.
SHEEN, P., OBERHELMAN, R. A., et al. 1995. Short report: a placebo-controlled study of Lactobacillus GG colonization in one-to-three-year-old Peruvian children. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 52(5): 389-392.
SIIGUR, U., TAMM, E., et al. 1996. Effect of bacterial infection and administration of a probiotic on faecal short-chain fatty acids. Microbial. Ecol. Health Dis. 9: 271-277.
STANSBRIDGE, E. M., WALKER, V., et al. 1993. Effects of feeding premature infants with Lactobacillus GG on gut fermentation. Arch. Dis. Child. 69: 488-492.
TABUCHI, M., TAMURA, A., et al. 2003. Hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus GG in hypercholestrolemic rat. Milchwissenschaft 58(5/6): 246-249.
TAO, Y.,K.A.DRABIK, et al. 2006. Soluble factors from Lactobacillus GG activate MAPKs and induce cytoprotective heat shock proteins in intestinal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 290(4): 1018-1030.

1.4. Detoxifikácia, väzba toxínov a znižovanie rizika vzniku rakoviny

ABD EL-GAWAD I. A., EL-SAYED E. M., et al. 2004. Inhibitory effect of yoghurt and soya yoghurt containing bifidobacteria on the proliferation of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in vitro and in vivo in a mouse tumour model. Br. J. Nutr. 92(1): 81-86.
BIFFI A., CORADINI D., et al. 1997. Antiproliferative effect of fermented milk on the growth of a human breast cancer cell line. Nutr. Cancer 28(1): 93-99.
CADERNI, G., FEMIA, A. P., et al. 2003. Identification of mucin-depleted foci in the unsectioned colon of azoxy- methane-treated rats: correlation with carcinogenesis. Cancer Res. 63(10): 2388-2392.
DONG, M. Y., CHANG, T. W., et al. 1987. Effect of feeding Lactobacillus GG on lethal irradiation in mice. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 7: 1-7.
EDALAT, M., B. MANNERVIK, et al. 2004. Selective expression of detoxifying glutathione transferases in mouse colon: effect of experimental colitis and the presence of bacteria. Histochem. Cell Biol. 122(2): 151-159.
EL-NEZAMI, H.S., CHREVATIDIS, A., et al. 2002. Removal of common Fusarium toxins in vitro by strains of Lactobacillus and Propionibacterium. Food Addit. Contam. 19(7): 680-686.
EL-NEZAMI, H., KANKAANPÄÄ, P., et al. 1998. Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind a common food carcinogen, aflatoxin B1. Food Chem. Toxicol. 36: 321-326.
EL-NEZAMI, H., KANKAANPÄÄ, P., et al. 1998. Physicochemical alterations enhance the ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to remove aflatoxin from contaminated media. J. Food Protect. 61: 466-468.
EL-NEZAMI, H., MYKKÄNEN, H., et al. 2000. Ability of Lactobacillus and Probionibacterium strains to remove aflatoxin B1 from chicken duodenum. J. Food Protect. 63(4): 549-552.
EL-NEZAMI, H., POLYCHRONAKI, N., et al. 2002. Binding rather than metabolism may explain the interaction of two food-grade Lactobacillus strains with zearalenone and its derivative (‘)zearalenol. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68(7): 3545-3549.
FEMIA, A. P., LUCERI, C., et al. 2002. Antitumorigenic activity of the prebiotic inulin enriched with oligofructose in combination with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis. 23(11): 1953-1960.
GOLDIN, B. R., GUALTIERI, L. J., et al. 1996. The effect of Lactobacillus GG on the initiation and promotion of dimethylhydrazine-induced intestinal tumors in the rat. Nutr. Cancer. 25: 197-204.
GRATZ, S., M. TAUBEL, et al. 2006. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG modulates intestinal absorption, fecal excretion, and toxicity of aflatoxin B(1) in rats. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72(11): 7398-7400.
GRATZ, S., Q. K. WU, et al. 2007. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG reduces aflatoxin B1 transport, metabolism, and toxicity in Caco-2 Cells. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73(12): 3958-3964.
HALTTUNEN, T., M. C. COLLADO, et al. 2008. Combining strains of lactic acid bacteria may reduce their toxin and heavy metal removal efficiency from aqueous solution. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 46(2): 160-165.
HALTTUNEN, T., KANKAANPÄÄ, P., et al. 2003. Cadmium removal by lactic acid bacteria. Biosci. Microflora 22(3): 93-97.
HASKARD, C., BINNION, C., et al. 2000. Factors affecting the sequestration of aflatoxin by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG. Chem. Biol. Interact. 128: 39-49.
HASKARD, C. A., EL-NEZAMI, H., et al. 2001. Surface binding of aflatoxin B1 by lactic acid bacteria. Appl. Environment. Microbiol. 67: 3086-3091.
KANKAANPÄÄ, P., TUOMOLA, E., et al. 2000. Binding of aflatoxin B1 alters the adhesion properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG in a Caco-2 model. J. Food Protect. 63(3): 412-414.
LAHTINEN, S. J., C. A. HASKARD, et al. 2004. Binding of aflatoxin B1 to cell wall components of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG. Food Addit. Contam. 21(2): 158-164.
LEE, Y. K., EL-NEZAMI, H., et al. 2003. Kinetics of adsorption and desorption of aflatoxin B1 by viable and nonviable bacteria. J. Food Prot. 66(3): 426-430.
LIM, B. K., MAHENDRAN, R, et al. 2002. Chemopreventive effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth of a subcutaneously implanted bladder cancer cell line in the mouse. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 93(1): 36-41.
LING, W. H., HÄNNINEN, O., et al. 1992. Colonization and fecal enzyme activities after oral Lactobacillus GG administration in elderly nursing home residents. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 36: 162-166.
LING, W. H., KORPELA, R., et al. 1994. Lactobacillus strain GG supplementation decreases colonic hydrolytic and reductive enzyme activities in healthy female adults. J. Nutr. 124: 18-23.
LING, W. H., SAXELIN, M., et al. 1994. Enzyme profile of Lactobacillus strain GG by a rapid API ZYM system: a comparison of intestinal bacterial strains. Microb. Ecol. Health. Dis. 7: 99-104.
LO P. R., YU R. C., et al. 2004. Determinations of the antimutagenic activities of several probiotic bifidobacteria under acidic and bile conditions against benzo[a]pyrene by a modified Ames test. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 93(2): 249-57.
LO P. R., YU R. C., et al. 2002. Antimutagenic activity of several probiotic bacteria against benzoapyrene. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 94(2): 148-153.
MAUGER, C. A., R. N. BUTLER, et al. 2007. Probiotic effects on 5-fluorouracil-induced mucositis assessed by the sucrose breath test in rats. Dig. Dis. Sci. 52(3): 612-619.
MCINTOSH, G. H., P. J. ROYLE, et al. 1999. A probiotic strain of L. acidophilus reduces DMH-induced large intestinal tumors in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutr. Cancer 35(2): 153-159.
MERILUOTO, J., M. GUEIMONDE, et al. 2005. Removal of the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR by human probiotics. Toxicon 46(1): 111-114.
NYBOM, S. M., S. J. SALMINEN, et al. 2007. Removal of microcystin-LR by strains of metabolically active probiotic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 270(1): 27-33.
NYBOM, S. M., S. J. SALMINEN, et al. 2008. Specific strains of probiotic bacteria are efficient in removal of several different cyanobacterial toxins from solution. Toxicon 52(2): 214-220.
OSTERLUND, P., T. RUOTSALAINEN, et al. 2007. Lactobacillus supplementation for diarrhoea related to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer: a randomised study. Br. J. Cancer 97(8): 1028-1034.
PIERIDES, M., EL-NEZAMI, H., et al. 2000. Ability of dairy strains of lactic acid bacteria to bind aflatoxin M1 in a food model. J. Food Protect. 63(5): 645-650.
PIOTROWSKA, M. and Z. ZAKOWSKA 2005. The elimination of ochratoxin A by lactic acid bacteria strains. Pol. J. Microbiol. 54(4): 279-286.
RAFTER, J., M. BENNETT, et al. 2007. Dietary synbiotics reduce cancer risk factors in polypectomized and colon cancer patients. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 85(2): 488-496.
ROLLER, M., Y. CLUNE, et al. 2007. Consumption of prebiotic inulin enriched with oligofructose in combination with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis has minor effects on selected immune parameters in polypectomised and colon cancer patients. Br. J. Nutr. 97(4): 676-684.
ROLLER, M., A. P. FEMIA, et al. 2004. Intestinal immunity of rats with colon cancer is modulated by oligofructose-enriched inulin combined with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis. Br. J. Nutr. 92(6): 931-938.
RUSSO, F., A. ORLANDO, et al. 2007. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the cell growth and polyamine metabolism in HGC-27 human gastric cancer cells. Nutr. Cancer 59(1): 106-114.
SEOW, S.W., RAHMAT, J. N., et al. 2002. Lactobacillus species is more cytotoxic to human bladder cancer cells than Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin). J. Urol. 168(5): 2236-2239.
TEJADA-SIMON MV, LEE JH, et al. 1999. Ingestion of yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium to potentiate immunoglobulin A responses to cholera toxin in mice. J Dairy Sci 82(4): 649-60.
TURBIC, A., AHOKAS, J.T., et al. 2002. Selective in vitro binding of dietary mutagens, individually or in combination, by lactic acid bacteria. Food Addit. Contam. 19(2): 144-152.

2. Immunologické účinky a tvorba cytokínov

AMROUCHE, T., Y. BOUTIN, 2006. Effects of bifidobacterial cytoplasm peptide and protein fractions on mouse lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. J. Food Agric. Immunol. 17: 29-42.
BLUMER, N., S. SEL, et al. 2007. Perinatal maternal application of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG suppresses allergic airway inflammation in mouse offspring. Clin. Exp. Allergy 37(3): 348-357.
BOYLE, R. J., L. J. MAH, et al. 2008. Effects of Lactobacillus GG treatment during pregnancy on the development of fetal antigen-specific immune responses. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 38(12): 1882-1890.
DI CARO, S., H. TAO, et al. 2005. Effects of Lactobacillus GG on genes expression pattern in small bowel mucosa. Dig. Liver Dis. 37(5): 320-329.
FANG, H., T. ELINA, et al. 2000. Modulation of humoral immune response through probiotic intake. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 29(1): 47-52.
FELESZKO, W., J. JAWORSKA, et al. 2007. Probiotic-induced suppression of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation is associated with an increase of T regulatory-dependent mechanisms in a murine model of asthma. Clin. Exp. Allergy 37(4): 498-505.
FUKUSHIMA Y., KAWATA Y., et al. 1999. Effect of bifidobacteria feeding on fecal flora and production of immunoglobulins in lactating mouse. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 46(3): 193-197.
FUKUSHIMA Y., KAWATA Y., et al. 1998. Effect of a probiotic formula on intestinal immunoglobulin A production in healthy children. Int.
J. Food Microbiol. 42(1-2): 39-44. GHADIMI, D., R. FOLSTER-HOLST, et al. 2008. Effects of probiotic bacteria and their genomic DNA on TH1/TH2-cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy and allergic subjects. Immunobiology 213(8): 677-692. GRAY, H. C., T. M. FOY, et al. 2004. Rice-induced enterocolitis in an infant: TH1/TH2 cellular hypersensitivity and absent IgE reactivity. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 93(6): 601-605. HE, F., TUOMOLA, E., et al. 2000. Modulation of humoral immune response through probiotic intake. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 29: 47-52.
HE F., MORITA H., et al. 2002. Stimulation of the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by Bifidobacterium strains. Microbiol. Immunol. 46(11): 781-785.
CHOI, C. H. 2004. Prophylactic effect of Lactobacillus GG in animal colitis and its effect on cytokine secretion and mucin gene expressions. Korean J. Gastroenterol. 44(1): 50-52.
ILIEV, I. D., H. KITAZAWA, et al. 2005. Strong immunostimulation in murine immune cells by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG DNA containing novel oligodeoxynucleotide pattern. Cell. Microbiol. 7(3): 403-414.
ILIEV, I. D., M. TOHNO, et al. 2008. Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide containing TTTCGTTT motif from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG DNA potentially suppresses OVA-specific IgE production in mice. Scand. J. Immunol. 67(4): 370-376.
ISOLAURI, E., JOENSUU, J., et al. 1995. Improved immunogenicity of oral D x RRV reassortant rotavirus vaccine by Lactobacillus casei GG. Vaccine 13: 310-312.
KAILA, M., ISOLAURI, E., et al. 1992. Enhancement of the circulating antibody secreting cell response in human diarrhea by a human Lactobacillus strain. Pediatr. Res. 32: 141-144.
SÜTAS, Y., SOPPI, E., et al. 1996. Suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in vitro by bovine caseins hydrolysed with Lactobacillus GG-derived enzymes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 98: 216-224.
TOKI, S., S. KAGAYA, et al. 2008. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei suppress Escherichia coli - induced chemokine expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 148(1): 45-58.
VECKMAN V., MIETTINEN M., et al. 2003. Lactobacilli and streptococci induce inflammatory chemokine production in human macrop hages that stimulates Th1 cell chemotaxis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 74(3): 395-402.
WALLACE, T.D., BRADLEY, S., et al. 2003. Interactions of lactic acid bacteria with human intestinal epithelial cells: effects on cytokine production. J. Food Protect. 66(3): 466-472.
YAN, F., H. CAO, et al. 2007. Soluble proteins produced by probiotic bacteria regulate intestinal epithelial cell survival and growth. Gastroenterology 132(2): 562-575.
YAN, F., and POLK, D.B. 2002. Probiotic bacterium prevents cytokine-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277(52): 50959-50965.
ZHANG, L., N. LI, et al. 2005. Alive and dead Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decrease tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-8 production in Caco-2 cells. J. Nutr. 135(7): 1752-1756.
ZHANG, L., N. LI, et al. 2006. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation in a gastrostomy-fed infant rat model. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 42(5): 545-552.

3. Účinky pri prevencii a liečbe črevných infekcií

3.1. Akútna hnačka

BASU, S., M. CHATTERJEE, et al. 2007. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in persistent diarrhea in Indian children: a randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 41(8): 756-760.
BASU, S., M. CHATTERJEE, et al. 2007. Efficacy of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in acute watery diarrhoea of Indian children: a randomised controlled trial. J. Paediatr. Child Health 43(12): 837-842.
BASU, S., D. K. PAUL, et al. 2008. Efficacy of high-dose Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in controlling acute watery diarrhea in Indian children: A randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Gastroenterol.
CANANI, R. B., P. CIRILLO, et al. 2007. Probiotics for treatment of acute diarrhoea in children: randomised clinical trial of five different preparations. BMJ 335(7615): 340.
COSTA-RIBEIRO, H., RIBEIRO, T.C., et al. 2003. Limitations of probiotic therapy in acute, severe dehydrating diarrhea. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 36(1): 112-115.
GUANDALINI, S., PENSABENE, L., et al. 2000. Lactobacillus GG Administered in oral rehydration solution to children with acute diarrhoea: A multicenter European trial. J. Ped. Gastroent. Nutr. 30: 54-60.
GUARINO, A., BERNI CANANI, R., et al. 1997. Oral bacterial therapy reduces the duration of symptoms and of viral excretion in children with mild diarrhoea. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 25: 516-519.
CHOURAQUI, J. P., VAN EGROO, L. D., et al. 2004. Acidified milk formula supplemented with bifidobacterium lactis: impact on infant diarrhea in residential care settings. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 38(3): 288-292.
KIM, S. O., H. I. SHEIKH, et al. 2006. G-CSF-mediated inhibition of JNK is a key mechanism for Lactobacillus rhamnosus-induced suppression of TNF production in macrophages. Cell. Microbiol. 8(12): 1958-1971.
KIRJAVAINEN, P.V., ELNEZAMI, H., et al. 1999. Effects of orally administered viable Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii JS on mouse lymphocyte proliferation. Clin. Diagn. Labor. Immunol. 6(6): 799-802.
KOPP, M. V., M. GOLDSTEIN, et al. 2008. Lactobacillus GG has in vitro effects on enhanced interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma release of mononuclear cells but no in vivo effects in supplemented mothers and their neonates. Clin. Exp. Allergy 38(4): 602-610.
LAMMERS, K. M., HELWIG, U., et al. 2002. Effect of probiotic strains on interleukin 8 production by HT29/19A cells. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 97(5): 1182-1186.
LINK-AMSTER H., ROCHAT F., et al. 1994. Modulation of a specific humoral immune response and changes in intestinal flora mediated through fermented milk intake. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 10(1): 55-63.
LOPEZ, M., N. LI, et al. 2008. Live and ultraviolet-inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decrease flagellin-induced interleukin-8 production in Caco-2 cells. J. Nutr. 138(11): 2264-2268.
MALIN, M., SUOMALAINEN, H., et al. 1996. Promotion of IgA immune response in patients with Crohn's disease by oral bacteriotherapy with Lactobacillus GG. Ann. Nutr. Metabolism 40: 137-145.
MIETTINEN, M., ALANDER, M., et al. 1998. The survival of and cytokine induction by lactic acid bacteria after passage through a gastrointestinal model. Microbiol. Ecol. Health Dis. 10: 141-147.
MIETTINEN, M., VUOPIO-VARKILA, J, et al. 1996. Production of human tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 is induced by lactic acid bacteria. Infection Immun. 64(12): 5403-5405.
MIETTINEN, M., MATIKAINEN, S., et al. 1998. Lactobacilli and Streptococci induce interleukin- 12 (IL-12), IL-18, and gamma interferon production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Infect. Immun. 66(12): 6058-6062.
MIETTINEN, M., LEHTONEN, A., et al. 2000. Lactobacilli and Streptococci activate NF-ß and STAT signaling pathways in human macrophages. J. Immunol. 164(7): 3733-3740.
MIETTINEN, M., V. VECKMAN, et al. 2008. Live Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Streptococcus pyogenes differentially regulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) gene expression in human primary macrophages. J. Leukoc. Biol. 84(4): 1092-1100.
MORITA, H., HE, F., et al. 2002. Adhesion of lactic acid bacteria to Caco-2 cells and their effect on cytokine secretion. Microbiol. Immunol. 46(4): 293-297.
NEGRETTI, F., CASETTA, P., et al. 1997. Researches on the intestinal and systemic immunoresponses after oral treatment with Lactobacillus GG in the rabbit. Develop. Physiophatol. Clin. 7: 15-21.
PENA, J.A., and VERSALOVIC, J. 2003. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG decreases TNF-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages by a contact-independent mechanism. Cell Microbiol. 5(4): 277-285.
PESSI, T., ISOLAURI, E., et al. 2001. Suppression of T-cell activation by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG-degraded bovine casein. Int. Immunopharmacol. 1: 211-218.
PESSI, T., SÜTAS, Y., et al. 2000. Interleukin-10 generation in atopic children following oral Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Clin. Exp. Allergy 30(12): 1804-1808.
PESSI, T., SÜTAS, Y., et al. 1999. Antiproliferative effects of homogenates derived from five strains of candidate probiotic bacteria. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 65(11): 4725-4728.
PIIRAINEN, L., S. HAAHTELA, et al. 2008. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on rBet v1 and rMal d1 specific IgA in the saliva of patients with birch pollen allergy. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 100(4): 338-342.
POHJAVUORI, E., M. VILJANEN, et al. 2004. Lactobacillus GG effect in increasing IFN-gamma production in infants with cow's milk allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114(1): 131-136.
PRIOULT G., FLISS I., et al. 2003. Effect of probiotic bacteria on induction and maintenance of oral tolerance to beta-lactoglobulin in gnotobiotic mice. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10(5): 787-792.
RAUTAVA, S., H. ARVILOMMI, et al. 2006. Specific probiotics in enhancing maturation of IgA responses in formula-fed infants. Pediatr. Res. 60(2): 221-224.
RINNE, M., M. KALLIOMAKI, et al. 2005. Effect of probiotics and breastfeeding on the bifidobacterium and lactobacillus/enterococcus microbiota and humoral immune responses. J. Pediatr. 147(2): 186-191.
ROLLER, M., RECHKEMMER, G. et al. 2004. Prebiotic inulin enriched with oligofructose in combination with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis modulates intestinal immune functions in rats. J. Nutr. 134(1): 153-156.
ROSELLI, M., A. FINAMORE, et al. 2006. Probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis MB5 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protect intestinal Caco-2 cells from the inflammation-associated response induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Br. J. Nutr. 95(6): 1177-1184.
RUIZ PA, HOFFMANN M, et al. 2005. Innate mechanisms for Bifidobacterium lactis to activate transient pro-inflammatory host responses in intestinal epithelial cells after the colonization of germ-free rats. Immunology. 115(4): 441-450.
SEOW, S. W., J. N. RAHMAT, et al. 2008. Expression of chemokine/cytokine genes and immune cell recruitment following the instillation
of Mycobacterium bovis, bacillus Calmette-Guerin or Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG in the healthy murine bladder. Immunology 124(3): 419-427.
SCHIFFRIN E. J., BRASSART D., et al. 1997. Immune modulation of blood leukocytes in humans by lactic acid bacteria: criteria for strain selection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 66(2): 515S-520.
SCHIFFRIN E. J., ROCHAT F., et al. 1995. Immunomodulation of human blood cells following the ingestion of lactic acid bacteria. J. Dairy. Sci. 78(3): 491-497
SCHULTZ, M., LINDE, H. L., et al. 2003. Immunomodulatory consequences of oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in healthy volunteers. J. Dairy Res. 70: 165-173.
SÜTAS, Y., HURME, M. et al. 1996. Downregulation of anti-CD3 antibody-induced IL-4 production by bovine caseins hydrolysed with Lactobacillus GG-derived enzymes. Scand. J. Immunol. 43: 687-689.
ISOLAURI, E., JUNTUNEN, M., et al. 1991. A human Lactobacillus strain (Lactobacillus casei sp. strain GG) promotes recovery from acute diarrhoea in children. Pediatrics 88: 90-97.
ISOLAURI, E., KAILA, M., et al. 1994. Oral bacteriotheraphy for viral gastroenteritis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 39(12): 2595-2600.
ISOLAURI, E. 2003. Probiotics for infectious diarrhoea. Gut 52(3): 436-437.
JASINSKI, C., TANZI, M.N., et al. 2002. Efecto del Lactobacillus casei administrado en el suero de rehidratación oral, en el tratamiento de la enfermendad diarreica aguda. Pediátrica 22(7): 231-243.
KAILA, M., ISOLAURI, E., et al. 1995. Viable versus inactivated Lactobacillus strain GG in acute rotavirus diarrhoea. Arch. Dis. Child. 72: 51-53.
KAILA, M, ISOLAURI, E., et al. 1998. Fecal recovery of a human Lactobacillus strain (ATCC 53103) during dietary therapy of rotavirus diarrhea in infants. Biosci. Microflora 17(2): 149-151.
MAJAMAA, H., ISOLAURI, E., et al. 1995. Lactic acid bacteria in the treatment of acute rotavirus gastroenteritis. J. Pediatr. Gastroent. Nutr. 20: 333-338.
MASTRETTA, E., LONGO, P., et al. 2002. Effect of Lactobacillus GG and breast-feeding in the prevention of rotavirus nosocomial infection. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 35(4): 527-531.
OBERHELMAN, R.A., GILMAN, R.H., et al. 1999. A placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus GG to prevent diarrhea in undernourished Peruvian children. J. Pediatr. 134: 15-20.
PANT, A.R., GRAHAM, S.M., et al. 1996. Lactobacillus GG and acute diarrhoea in young children in the tropics. J. Tropic. Pediatrics 42: 162-165.
PANT, N., H. MARCOTTE, et al. 2007. Effective prophylaxis against rotavirus diarrhea using a combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and antibodies. BMC Microbiol. 7: 86.
PHUAPRADIT, P, VARAVITHYA,. W., et al. 1999. Reduction of rotavirus infection in children receiving bifidobacteria-supplemented formula. J. Med. Assoc. Thai 82(S1): 43-48.
RAUTANEN, T., ISOLAURI, E., et al. 1998. Management of acute diarrhoea with low osmolarity oral rehydration solutions and Lactobacillus GG. Arch. Dis. Child. 79: 157-160.
RAZA, S., GRAHAM, S.M., et al. 1995. Lactobacillus GG promotes recovery from acute nonbloody diarrhea in Pakistan. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 14: 107-111.
SALAZAR-LINDO, E., P. MIRANDA-LANGSCHWAGER, et al. 2004. Lactobacillus casei strain GG in the treatment of infants with acute watery diarrhea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial [ISRCTN67363048]. BMC Pediatr. 4: 18.
SHORNIKOVA, A. V., ISOLAURI, E., et al. 1997. A trial in the Karelian Republik of oral rehydration and Lactobacillus GG for treatment of acute diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr. 86: 460-465.
SZAJEWSKA, H., KOTOWSKA, M., et al. 2001. Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in prevention of nosocomial diarrhea in infants. J. Pediatr. 138(3): 361-365.
SZAJEWSKA, H., and MRUKOWICZ, J.Z. 2001. Probiotics in the treatment and prevention of acute infectious diarrhea in infants and children: a systematic review of published randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 33(S4): 17-25.
SZYMANSKI, H., J. PEJCZ, et al. 2006. Treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in infants and children with a mixture of three Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains - a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 23(2): 247-253.

3.2. Inhibícia symptómov spojených s užívaním antibiotík a s infekciou C. difficile

ARMUZZI, A., CREMONINI, F., et al. 2001. The effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus GG on antibiotic- associated gastrointestinal side-effects during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 15(2): 163-169.
ARMUZZI, A., CREMONINI, F., et al. 2001. The effect of Lactobacillus GG supplementation on antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal side-effects during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: A pilot study. Digestion 63(1): 1-7.
ARVOLA, T., LAIHO, K., et al. 1999. Prophylactic Lactobacillus GG reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children with respiratory infections: a randomized study. Pediatrics 104(5): 64.
BENNET, R.G., GORBACH, S.L., et al. 1996. Treatment of relapsing Clostridium difficile diarrhea with Lactobacillus GG. Nutrition Today 31(6, S1): 35-38.
BILLER, J.A., KATZ, A.J., et al. 1995. Treatment of C. difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG. J. Ped. Gastroent. Nutr. 21: 224-226.
BLACK, F., EINARSSON. K., et al. 1991. Effect of lactic acid producing bacteria on the human intestinal microflora during ampicillin treatment. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 23(2): 247-254.
CREMONINI, F., DI CARO, S., et al. 2002. Effect of different probiotic preparations on anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy-related side effects: a parallel group, triple blind, placebo-controlled study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 97(11): 2744-2749.
GAVAZZI, C., STACCHIOTTI, S., et al. 2001. Confusion after antibiotics. Lancet 357: 1410.
SIITONEN, S., VAPAATALO, H., et al. 1990. Effect of Lactobacillus GG yoghurt in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea. Ann. Med. 22: 57-59.
SULLIVAN, A., BARKHOLT, L., et al. 2003. Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus F19 prevent antibiotic-associated ecological disturbances of Bacteroides fragilis in the intestine. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 52(2): 308-311.
THOMAS, M. R., LITIN, S. C., et al. 2001. Lack of effect of Lactobacillus GG on antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a randomized, placebo-con trolled trial. Mayo Clin. Proc. 76(9): 883-889.
VANDERHOOF, J. A., WHITNEY, D. B., et al. 1999. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children. J. Pediatr. 135: 564-568.
WULTANSKA, D., H. PITUCH, et al. 2006. Influence of selected Lactobacillus sp. on Clostridium difficile strains with different toxigenicity profile. Med. Dosw. Mikrobiol. 58(2): 127-133.

3.3. Hnačka cestovateľov

BLACK, F. T., ANDERSON, P. L., et al. 1989. Prophylactic efficacy of lactobacilli on traveler’s diarrhea. In: Steffen R, ed, Travel Med, Conference on international travel medicine 1, Zurich, Switzerland, 333-335.
BRIAND, V., P. BUFFET, et al. 2006. Absence of efficacy of nonviable Lactobacillus acidophilus for the prevention of traveler's diarrhea: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 43(9): 1170-1175.
ERICSSON, C. D. 2005. Nonantimicrobial agents in the prevention and treatment of traveler's diarrhea. Clin. Infect. Dis. 41(S8): 557-563.
HILTON, E., KOLAKOWSKI, P., et al. 1997. Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG as a diarrheal preventative in travelers. J. Travel Med. 4: 41-43.
OKSANEN, P., SALMINEN, S., et al. 1990. Prevention of traveller's diarrhoea by Lactobacillus GG. Ann. Med. 22: 53-56.

4. Alergie a črevné zápaly

4.1. Permeabilita črevnej mukózy a translokácia baktérií

ADAWI, D., AHRNÉ, S., et al. 2001. Effects of different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on bacterial translocation and liver injury in an acute liver injury model. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 70: 213-220.
BAUER, T. M., FERNÁNDEZ, J., et al. 2002. Failure of Lactobacillus spp. to prevent bacterial translocation in a rat model of experimental cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 36: 501-506.
GOTTELAND, M., CRUCHET, S, et al. 2001. Effect of Lactobacillus ingestion on the gastrointestinal mucosa barrier alterations induced by indometacin in humans. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 15: 11-17.
ISOLAURI, E., KAILA, M., et al. 1993. Diet during rotavirus enteritis affects jejunal permeability to macromolecules in suckling rats. Pediatr. Res. 33: 548-553.
ISOLAURI, E., MAJAMAA, H., 1993. Lactobacillus casei strain GG reverses increased intestinal permeability induced by cow milk in suckling rats. Gastroenterol. 105: 1643-1650.
JAIN, P. K., MCNAUGHT, C. E., et al. 2004. Influence of synbiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb 12, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and oligofructose on gut barrier function and sepsis in critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr; 23(4): 467-75.
JOHNSON-HENRY, K. C., K. A. DONATO, et al. 2008. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7-induced changes in epithelial barrier function. Infect. Immun. 76(4): 1340-1348.
LAM, E. K., E. K. TAI, et al. 2007. Enhancement of gastric mucosal integrity by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Life Sci. 80(23): 2128-2136.
LEBEER, S., I. J. CLAES, et al. 2008. Impact of luxS and suppressor mutations on the gastrointestinal transit of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74(15): 4711-4718.
MATTAR, A. F., DRONGOWSKI, R.A., et al. 2001. Effect of probiotics on enterocyte bacterial translocation in vitro. Pediatr. Surg. Int. 17: 265-268.
NANJI, A. A., KHETTRY, U., et al. 1994. Lactobacillus feeding reduce endotoxemia and severity of experimental alcoholic liver (disease). P.S.E.M.B. 205: 243-247.
PESSI, T., SÜTAS, Y., et al. 1998. Probiotics reinforce mucosal degradation of antigens in rats: implications for therapeutic use of probiotics. J. Nutr. 128: 2313-2318.
SETH, A., F. YAN, et al. 2008. Probiotics ameliorate the hydrogen peroxide-induced epithelial barrier disruption by a PKC- and MAP kinase-dependent mechanism. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 294(4): 1060-1069.
WIEST, R., CHEN, F., et al. 2003. Effect of Lactobacillus-fermented diets on bacterial translocation and intestinal flora in experimental prehepatic portal hypertension. Dig. Dis. Sci. 48(6): 1136-1141.
GORBACH, S. L., CHANG, T. W., et al. 1987. Successful treatment of relapsing Clostridium difficile colitis with Lactobacillus GG. Lancet 2(8574): 1519.
HAWRELAK, J. A., D. L. WHITTEN, et al. 2005. Is Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG effective in preventing the onset of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review. Digestion 72(1): 51-56.
LIN, P. W., T. R. NASR, et al. 2008. The probiotic Lactobacillus GG may augment intestinal host defense by regulating apoptosis and pro moting cytoprotective responses in the developing murine gut. Pediatr. Res. 64(5): 511-516.
NAABER, P., MIKELSAAR, R. H., et al. 1998. Bacterial translocation, intestinal microflora and morphological changes of intestinal mucosa in experimental models of Clostridium difficile infection. J. Med. Microbiol. 47: 1-8.
NORD, C. E., LIDBECK, A., et al. 1997. Oral supplementation with lactic acid-producing bacteria during intake of clindamycin. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 3(1): 124-132.

4.2. Alergie

APOSTOLOU, E., PELTO, L., et al. 2001. Differences in the gut bacterial flora of healthy and milk-hypersensitive adults, as measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 30(3): 217-221.
BETSI, G. I., E. PAPADAVID, et al. 2008. Probiotics for the treatment or prevention of atopic dermatitis: a review of the evidence from randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 9(2): 93-103.
BROUWER, M. L., S. A. WOLT-PLOMPEN, et al. 2006. No effects of probiotics on atopic dermatitis in infancy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clin. Exp. Allergy 36(7): 899-906.
FOLSTER-HOLST, R., F. MULLER, et al. 2006. Prospective, randomized controlled trial on Lactobacillus rhamnosus in infants with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Br. J. Dermatol. 155(6): 1256-1261.
GRUBER, C., M. WENDT, et al. 2007. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as treatment of atopic dermatitis in infancy. Allergy 62(11): 1270-1276.
HELIN, T., HAAHTELA, S., et al. 2002. No effect of oral treatment with an intestinal bacterial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), on birch-pollen allergy: a placebo-controlled double-blind study. Allergy 37: 243-246.
ISOLAURI, E., ARVOLA, T., et al. 2000. Probiotics in the management of atopic eczema. Clin. Experiment. Allergy 30(11): 1604-1610.
ISOLAURI, E., KALLIOMÄKI, M., et al. 2008. Modulation of the maturing gut barrier and microbiota: a novel target in allergic disease. Curr. Pharm. Des. 14: 1368-1375.
KALLIOMÄKI, M., SALMINEN, S., et al. 2001. Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 357: 1076-1079.
KALLIOMÄKI, M., SALMINEN, S., et al. 2003. Probiotics and prevention of atopic disease: 4-year follow-up of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 361: 1869-1871.
KALLIOMAKI, M., KIRJAVAINEN, P., et al. 2001. Distinct patterns of neonatal gut microflora in infants in whom atopy was and was not developing. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 107(1): 129-34.
KAWASE, M., F. HE, et al. 2007. Orally administrated Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356 and Lactobacillus GG alleviated nasal blockage of guinea pig with allergic rhinitis. Microbiol Immunol 51(11): 1109-1114.
KEKKONEN, R. A., N. LUMMELA, et al. 2008. Probiotic intervention has strain-specific anti-inflammatory effects in healthy adults. World J. Gastroenterol. 14(13): 2029-2036.
KIRJAVAINEN, P. V., SALMINEN, S. J., et al. 2003. Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 36(2): 223-227.
KIRJAVAINEN ,P. V., ARVOLA, T., et al. 2002. Aberrant composition of gut microbiota of allergic infants: a target of bifidobacterial therapy at weaning? Gut 51(1): 51-5.
KIRJAVAINEN, P. V., APOSTOLOU, E., et al. 2001. Characterizing the composition of intestinal microflora as a prospective treatment target in infant allergic disease. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 32(1): 1-7.
KOPP, M. V., I. HENNEMUTH, et al. 2008. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of probiotics for primary prevention: no clinical effects of Lactobacillus GG supplementation. Pediatrics 121(4): 850-856.
LAITINEN, K., M. KALLIOMAKI, et al. 2005. Evaluation of diet and growth in children with and without atopic eczema: follow-up study from birth to 4 years. Br. J. Nutr. 94(4): 565-574.
MAJAMAA, H. and ISOLAURI, E. 1997. Probiotics: A novel approach in the management of food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 99: 179-185.
MATRICARDI, P. M., BJORKSTEN B., et al. 2003. Microbial products in allergy prevention and therapy. Allergy 58(6): 461-471.
MIRAGLIA DEL GIUDICE M., and DE LUCA M. G., 2004. The role of probiotics in the clinical management of food allergy and atopic dermatitis. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 38(6S): 84-5.
MOREIRA, A., R. KEKKONEN, et al. 2007. Allergy in marathon runners and effect of Lactobacillus GG supplementation on allergic inflammatory markers. Respir. Med. 101(6): 1123-1131.
PELTO, L., ISOLAURI, E., et al. 1998. Probiotic bacteria down-regulate the milk-induced inflammatory response in milk-hypersensitive subjects but have an immunostimulatory effect in healthy subjects. Clin. Experiment. Allergy 28: 1474-1479.
RAUTAVA, S., KALLIOMÄKI, M., et al. 2002. Probiotics during pregnancy and breast-feeding might confer immunomodulatory protection against atopic disease in the infant. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 109: 119-121.
SAWADA, J., H. MORITA, et al. 2007. Ingestion of heat-treated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG prevents development of atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Clin. Exp. Allergy 37(2): 296-303.
VILJANEN, M., M. KUITUNEN, et al. 2005. Probiotic effects on faecal inflammatory markers and on faecal IgA in food allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome infants. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 16(1): 65-71.
VILJANEN, M., E. POHJAVUORI, et al. 2005. Induction of inflammation as a possible mechanism of probiotic effect in atopic eczema-dermatitis syndrome. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 115(6): 1254-1259.
VILJANEN, M., E. SAVILAHTI, et al. 2005. Probiotics in the treatment of atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome in infants: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Allergy 60(4): 494-500.
WAKABAYASHI, H., C. NARIAI, et al. 2008. Dietary supplementation with lactic acid bacteria attenuates the development of atopic-dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice in a strain-dependent manner. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 145(2): 141-151.
WICKENS, K., P. N. BLACK, et al. 2008. A differential effect of 2 probiotics in the prevention of eczema and atopy: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 122(4): 788-794.

4.3. IBD, IBS, pouchitída

AMIT-ROMACH, E., Z. UNI, et al. 2008. Therapeutic potential of two probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease as observed in the trinit robenzene sulfonic acid model of colitis. Dis. Colon Rectum 51(12): 1828-1836.
BAUSSERMAN, M. and S. MICHAIL 2005. The use of Lactobacillus GG in irritable bowel syndrome in children: a double-blind randomized control trial. J. Pediatr. 147(2): 197-201.
BOUSVAROS, A., S. GUANDALINI, et al. 2005. A randomized, double-blind trial of Lactobacillus GG versus placebo in addition to standard maintenance therapy for children with Crohn's disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 11(9): 833-839.
DIELEMAN, L.A., GOERRES, et al. 2003. Lactobacillus GG prevents recurrence of colitic in HLA-B 27 transgenic rats after antibiotic treatment. Gut 52(3): 370-376.
GEIER, M. S., R. N. BUTLER, et al. 2007. Lactobacillus fermentum BR11, a potential new probiotic, alleviates symptoms of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 114(3): 267-274.
GOSSELINK, M. P., W. R. SCHOUTEN, et al. 2004. Delay of the first onset of pouchitis by oral intake of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Dis. Colon Rectum 47(6): 876-884.
GUANDALINI, S. 2002. Use of Lactobacillus-GG in paediatric Crohn's disease. Dig. Liver Dis. 34(S2): 63-65.
GUPTA, P., ANDREW, H., et al. 2000. Lactobacillus GG helpful in children with Crohn’s disease? Results of a preliminary, open-label study. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 31: 453-457.
HOLMA, R., SALMENPERÄ, P., et al. 2001. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus reuteri R2LC on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 36: 630-635.
KAJANDER, K., K. HATAKKA, et al. 2005. A probiotic mixture alleviates symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome patients: a controlled 6-month intervention. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 22(5): 387-394.
KAJANDER, K. and R. KORPELA 2006. Clinical studies on alleviating the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 15(4): 576-850.
KAJANDER, K., L. KROGIUS-KURIKKA, et al. 2007. Effects of multispecies probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 26(3): 463-473.
KAJANDER, K., E. MYLLYLUOMA, et al. 2008. Clinical trial: multispecies probiotic supplementation alleviates the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome and stabilizes intestinal microbiota. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 27(1): 48-57.
KUISMA, J., MENTULA, S., et al. 2003. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on ileal pouch inflammation and microbial flora. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 17(4): 509-515.
LAAKE, K. O., BJ_RNEKLETT, A., et al. 1999. Influence of fermented milk on clinical state, fecal bacterial counts and biochemical characteristics in patients with ileal- pouch- anal-anastomosis. Microb. Ecol. Health Dis. 11(4): 211-217.
LAAKE, K. O., LINE, P. D., et al. 2003. Assessment of mucosal inflammation and circulation in response to probiotics in patients operated with ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 38(4): 409-414.
LAAKE, K. O., LINE, P. D., et al. 2004. Assessment of mucosal inflammation and blood flow in response to four weeks’ intervention with probiotics in patients operated with a J-configurated ileal-pouch-anal-anastomosis (IPAA). Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 39: 1228-1235.
LAAKE, K. O., BJ_RNEKLETT, A., et al. 2005. Outcome of four weeks’ intervention with probiotics on symptoms and endoscopic appea rance after surgical reconstruction with a J-configurated ileal-pouch-anal-anastomosis in ulcerative colitis Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 40: 43-51.
O'SULLIVAN, M. A. and O'MORAIN, C.A. 2000. Bacterial supplementation in the irritable bowel syndrome. A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Dig. Liver Dis. 32: 294-301.
PRANTERA, C., and M. L. SCRIBANO, 2002. Probiotics and Crohn's disease. Dig. Liver Dis. 34 (S2): 66-67. PRANTERA, C., SCRIBANO, M. L., et al. 2002. Ineffectiveness of probiotics in preventing recurrence after curative resection for Crohn's disease: a randomised controlled trial with Lactobacillus GG. Gut 51(3): 405-409.
ROLFE, V. E., P. J. FORTUN, et al. 2006. Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 4: CD004826.
SCHULTZ, M., A. TIMMER, et al. 2004. Lactobacillus GG in inducing and maintaining remission of Crohn's disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 4: 5.
SCHULTZ, M., MELCHNER, I., et al. 2002. A new pre- and probiotic preparation attenuates colitis in HLA-B27 transgenic mice. Gastroenterology, 116: A391.
SCHULTZ, M., MUNRO, K., et al. 2004. Effects of feeding a probiotic preparation (SIM) containing inulin on the severity of colitis and on the composition of the intestinal microflora in HLA-B27 transgenic rats. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 11(3): 581-587.
SCHULTZ, M., SCHOLMERICH, J., et al. 2003. Rationale for probiotic and antibiotic treatment strategies in inflammatory bowel diseases. Dig. Dis. 21(2): 105-128.
SHIBOLET, T., KARMELI, F., et al. 2002. Variable response to probiotics in two models of experimental colitis in rats. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 8(6): 399-406.
WILDT, S., MUNCK, L. K., et al. 2006. Probiotic treatment of collagenous colitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 12(5): 395-401.
ZOCCO, M. A., L. Z. DAL VERME, et al. 2006. Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 23(11): 1567-1574.

4.4. Cystická fibróza

BRUZZESE, E., V. RAIA, et al. 2004. Intestinal inflammation is a frequent feature of cystic fibrosis and is reduced by probiotic administration. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 20(7): 813-819.
BRUZZESE, E., V. RAIA, et al. 2007. Effect of Lactobacillus GG supplementation on pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis: a pilot study. Clin. Nutr. 26(3): 322-328.

5. Iné štúdie

5.1. Zlepšenie celkového zdravotného stavu

ANDERSON, A. D., MCNAUGHT, C. E., et al. 2004. Randomised clinical trial of synbiotic therapy in elective surgical patients. Gut 53(2): 241-245. GERBITZ, A., M. SCHULTZ, et al. 2004. Probiotic effects on experimental graft-versus-host disease: let them eat yogurt. Blood 103(11):
4365-4367. GILL, H. S., and GUARNER, F. 2004. Probiotics and human health: a clinical perspective. Postgrad. Med. J. 80(947): 516-526. HAMILTON-MILLER, J. M. 2004. Probiotics and prebiotics in the elderly. Postgrad. Med. J. 80(946): 447-541. KEKKONEN, R. A., M. SYSI-AHO, et al. 2008. Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention on global serum lipidomic pro
files in healthy adults. World J. Gastroenterol. 14(20): 3188-3194. KORPELA, R., PEUHKURI, K., et al. 1997. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG shows antioxidative properties in vascular endothelial cell culture. Milchwissenschaft 52(9): 503-505. LARSEN, C. N., NIELSEN, S., et al. 2006. Dose-response study of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis BB-12 and
Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei CRL-341 in healthy young adults. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 60(11): 1284-1293. LEAHY, S. C., HIGGINS, D. G., et al. 2005. A review: Getting better with bifidobacteria. J. Appl. Microbiol. 98: 1303-1315. NOPCHINDA, S., VARAVITHYA, W., et al. 2002. Effect of Bifidobacterium Bb12 with or without Streptococcus thermophilus supplemented formula on nutritional status. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 85(S4): 1225-1231.
SAAVEDRA, J., ABI-HANNA, A., et al. 1998. Effect of long term consumption of infant formulas with bifidobacteria and S. thermophilus on stool patterns and diaper rash in infants. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 27(4): 483.
SANDERS, M. E. 2003. Probiotics: considerations for human health. Nutr .Rev. 61(3): 91-99.
SINGHI, S. C. and A. BARANWAL 2008. Probiotic use in the critically ill. Indian J. Pediatr. 75(6): 621-627.
TABUCHI, M., M. OZAKI, et al. 2003. Antidiabetic effect of Lactobacillus GG in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 67(6): 1421-1424.
VENDT, N., H. GRUNBERG, et al. 2006. Growth during the first 6 months of life in infants using formula enriched with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: double-blind, randomized trial. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet 19(1): 51-58.

5.2. Otolaryngologické a pneumologické ochorenia

GLÜCK, U., and GEBBERS, J. O. 2003. Ingested probiotics reduce nasal colonization with pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-hemolytic streptococci). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77(2): 517-520.
HATAKKA, K., SAVILAHTI, E., et al. 2001. Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised trial. Br. Med. J. 322: 1327-1329.
HATAKKA, K., K. BLOMGREN, et al. 2007. Treatment of acute otitis media with probiotics in otitis-prone children - a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised study. Clin. Nutr. 26(3): 314-321.
KAWASE, M., F. HE, et al. 2007. Orally administrated Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356 and Lactobacillus GG alleviated nasal blockage of guinea pig with allergic rhinitis. Microbiol. Immunol. 51(11): 1109-1114.
KAWASE, M., F. HE, et al. 2009. Effect of fermented milk prepared with two probiotic strains on Japanese cedar pollinosis in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 128(3): 429-434.
KEKKONEN, R. A., T. J. VASANKARI, et al. 2007. The effect of probiotics on respiratory infections and gastrointestinal symptoms during training in marathon runners. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 17(4): 352-363.
RAUTAVA, S., S. SALMINEN, et al. 2008. Specific probiotics in reducing the risk of acute infections in infancy - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br. J. Nutr. 6: 1-5.

5.3. Infekcia H. pylori a funkčné obtiaže GIT

BANASZKIEWICZ, A. and H. SZAJEWSKA 2005. Ineffectiveness of Lactobacillus GG as an adjunct to lactulose for the treatment of con stipation in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. J. Pediatr. 146(3): 364-369.
GALPIN, L., M. J. MANARY, et al. 2005. Effect of Lactobacillus GG on intestinal integrity in Malawian children at risk of tropical entero pathy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82(5): 1040-1045.
GAWRONSKA, A., P. DZIECHCIARZ, et al. 2007. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus GG for abdominal pain disorders in children. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 25(2): 177-184.
GOTTELAND, M., BRUNSER, O., et al. 2006. Systematic review: are probiotics useful in controlling gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 23(8): 1077-1086.
GOTTELAND, M., CRUCHET, S., et al. 2005. Can the amount of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach be kept low through probiotic intake? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81: 939-946.
HONGISTO, S. M., L. PAAJANEN, et al. 2006. A combination of fibre-rich rye bread and yoghurt containing Lactobacillus GG improves bowel function in women with self-reported constipation. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 60(3): 319-324.
LAM, E. K., L. YU, et al. 2007. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG enhances gastric ulcer healing in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 565(1-3): 171-179.
MYLLYLUOMA, E., T. AHLROOS, et al. 2007. Effects of anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment and probiotic supplementation on intestinal microbiota. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 29(1): 66-72.
MYLLYLUOMA, E., A. M. AHONEN, et al. 2008. Effects of multispecies probiotic combination on Helicobacter pylori infection in vitro. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 15(9): 1472-1482.
MYLLYLUOMA, E., L. VEIJOLA, et al. 2005. Probiotic supplementation improves tolerance to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy – a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized pilot study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 21(10): 1263-1272.
ROKKA, S., S. MYLLYKANGAS, et al. 2008. Effect of specific colostral antibodies and selected lactobacilli on the adhesion of Helicobacter pylori on AGS cells and the Helicobacter-induced IL-8 production. Scand. J. Immunol. 68(3): 280-286.
SALMINEN, M. K., S. TYNKKYNEN, et al. 2004. The efficacy and safety of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on prolonged, noninfec tious diarrhea in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. HIV Clin. Trials 5(4): 183-191.
SALVATORE, S., B. HAUSER, et al. 2007. Probiotics and zinc in acute infectious gastroenteritis in children: are they effective? Nutrition 23(6): 498-506.
SHEU., B. S, WU, J. J., et al. 2002. Impact of supplement with Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt on triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 16(9): 1669-1675.
SHEU, B. S., CHENG, H. C., et al. 2006. Pretreatment with Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt can improve the efficacy of quadruple therapy in eradicating residual Helicobacter pylori infection after failed triple therapy. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 83(4): 864-869.
SZAJEWSKA, H., A. GAWRONSKA, et al. 2007. Lack of effect of Lactobacillus GG in breast-fed infants with rectal bleeding: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 45(2): 247-251.
VANDERHOOF, J. A., R. J. YOUNG, et al. 1998. Treatment strategies for small bowel bacterial overgrowth in short bowel syndrome. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 27(2): 155-60.
WANG, K. Y., LI, S. N., et al. 2004. Effects of ingesting Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt in subjects with colonized Helicobacter pylori. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80(3): 737-741.

5.4. Artritída

BAHARAV, E., F. MOR, et al. 2004. Lactobacillus GG bacteria ameliorate arthritis in Lewis rats. J. Nutr. 134(8): 1964-1969.
HATAKKA, K., MARTIO, J., et al. 2003. Effects of probiotic therapy on the activity and activation of mild rheumatoid arthritis – a pilot study. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 32(4): 211-215.
KAMIL, R., M. S. GEIER, et al. 2007. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG exacerbates intestinal ulceration in a model of indomethacin-induced enteropathy. Dig. Dis. Sci. 52(5): 1247-1252.
MALIN, M., VERRONEN, P., et al. 1997. Dietary therapy with Lactobacillus GG, bovine colostrum or bovine immune colostrum in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis: evaluation of effect on gut defence mechanisms. Inflammopharmacol. 5: 219-236.
MALIN, M., VERRONEN, P., et al. 1996. Increased bacterial urease activity in faeces in juvenile chronic arthritis: evidence of altered i ntestinal microflora? Br. J. Rheumatol. 35: 689-694.

5.5. Urogenitálny trakt a jeho infekcie

BALISH, E., WAGNER, R. D. 1998. Probiotic bacteria for prophylaxis and therapy of candidiasis. Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 15: 261-264.
COHEN, L. A., J. S. CRESPIN, et al. 2007. Soy isoflavone intake and estrogen excretion patterns in young women: effect of probiotic administration. In Vivo 21(3): 507-512.
COLODNER, R., EDELSTEIN, H., et al. 2003. Vaginal colonization by orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 5(11): 767-769.
DEVILLARD, E., J. P. BURTON, et al. 2005. Complexity of vaginal microflora as analyzed by PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in a patient with recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 13(1): 25-31.
FALAGAS, M. E., G. I. BETSI, et al. 2006. Probiotics for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a review of the evidence from microbiological and clinical studies. Drugs 66(9): 1253-1261.
GARDINER, G. E., HEINEMANN, C., et al. 2002. Persistence of Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 but not L. rhamnosus GG in the human vagina as demonstrated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 9: 92-96.
HILTON, E., RINDOS, P., et al. 1995. Lactobacillus GG vaginal suppositories and vaginitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33(5): 1433.
KAPLAS, N., E. ISOLAURI, et al. 2007. Dietary counseling and probiotic supplementation during pregnancy modify placental phospholipid fatty acids. Lipids 42(9): 865-870.
KONTIOKARI, T., LAITINEN, J., et al. 2003. Dietary factors protecting woman from urinary tract infection. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77: 600-604.
KONTIOKARI, T., SUNDQVIST, K., et al. 2001. Randomised trial of cranberry-lingonberry juice and Lactobacillus GG drink for the prevention of urinary tract infections in women. British Med. J. 322: 1-5.
LAITINEN, K., T. POUSSA, et al. 2008. Probiotics and dietary counseling contribute to glucose regulation during and after pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Nutr. 19:1-9.
REID, G., BEUERMAN, D., et al. 2001. Probiotic Lactobacillus dose required to restore and maintain a normal vaginal flora. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 32: 37-41.
SALZANO, P., PISCOPO, L., et al. 2000. Ruolo del Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) nel trattamento delle cistiti e vaginiti recidivanti ed effetto preventivo nelle cistiti e vaginiti specifiche dopo terapia. Gazz. Med. Ital. 159(2): 59-63.
WAGNER, D. R., DOHNALEK, M., et al. 2000. Effects of probiotic bacteria on humoral immunity to Candida albicans in immunodeficient bg/bg-nu/nu and bg/bg-nu/+ mice. Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 17: 55-59.
WAGNER, D. R., WARNER, T., et al. 1998. Biotherapeutic effects of Bifidobacterium spp. on orogastric and systemic candidiasis in immunodeficient mice. Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 15: 265-270.
WAGNER, R. D., PIERSON, C., et al. 1997. Biotherapeutic effects of probiotic bacteria on candidiasis in immunodeficient mice. Infect. Immun. 65(10): 4165-4172.

5.6. Dentálne zdravie

AHOLA, A. J., YLI-KNUUTTILA, H., et al. 2002. Short-term consumption of probiotic-containing cheese and its effect on dental caries risk factors. Arch. Oral Biol. 47(11): 799-804.
BUSSCHER, H. J., MULDER, A. F. J. M., et al. 1999. In vitro adhesion to enamel and in vivo colonization of tooth surfaces by lactobacilli from bio-yoghurt. Caries Res. 33: 403-404.
MEURMAN, J. H., ANTILA, H., et al. 1995. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53103) on the growth of Streptococcus sobrinus in vitro. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 103: 253-258.
MEURMAN, J. H., ANTILA, H., et al. 1994. Recovery of Lactobacillus strain GG (ATCC 53103) from saliva of healthy volunteers after consumption of yoghurt prepared with the bacterium. Microbial. Ecol. Health Dis. 7: 295-298.
NÄSE, L., HATAKKA, K., et al. 2001. Effect of long-term consumption of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental caries and caries risk in children. Caries Res. 35(6): 412-420.
WEI, H., LOIMARANTA, V., et al. 2002. Stability and activity of specific antibodies against Streptococcus mutants and Streptococcus
sobrinus in bovine milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG or treated at ultra-high temperature. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 17: 9-15.
WEI, H., MARNILA, P., et al. 2002. Effects of anti-caries antibodies on Lactobacillus GG in its fermentation and storage periods. Biomed. Environ. Sci. 15(2): 153-165.
YLI-KNUUTTILA, H., J. SNALL, et al. 2006. Colonization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the oral cavity. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 21(2): 129-131.

6. Bezpečnosť

ABI-HANNA, A., MOORE, N., et al. 1998. Long term consumption of infant formulas with live probiotic bacteria: tolerance and safety. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 27(4): 484.
APOSTOLOU, E., KIRJAVAINEN, P.V., et al. 2001. Good adhesion properties of probiotics: a potential risk for bacteremia? FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 31: 35-39.
ASAHARA, T., TAKAHASHI, M., et al. 2003. Assessment of safety of Lactobacillus strains based on resistance to host innate defence mechanisms. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 10(1): 169-173.
DE GROOTE, M. A., D. N. FRANK, et al. 2005. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteremia associated with probiotic use in a child with short gut syndrome. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 24(3): 278-280.
DE VECCHI, E., L. NICOLA, et al. 2008. In vitro screening of probiotic characteristics of some Italian products. J. Chemother. 20(3): 341-347.
DONOHUE, D. C., DEIGHTON, M., et al. 1993. Toxicity of lactic acid bacteria. In: Lactic Acid Bacteria. Salminen, S., and von Wright, A. (Eds.) Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York. pp. 307-313.
DONOHUE, C. D. and SALMINEN, S. 1996. Safety of probiotic bacteria. Asia Pacific J. Clin. Nutr. 5: 25-28.
KIRJAVAINEN, P., TUOMOLA, E. M., et al. 1999. In vitro adhesion and platelet aggregation properties of bacteremia-associated lactobacilli. Infect. Immunol. 67(5): 2652-2655.
KLEIN, G., HALLMANN, C., et al. 2000. Exclusion of vanA, vanB and vanC type glycopeptide resistance in strains of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus rhamnosus used as probiotics by polymerase chain reaction and hybridisation methods. J Appl. Microbiol. 89: 815-824.
KORPELA, R., MOILANEN, E., et al. 1997. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and platelet aggregation in vitro. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 37: 83-86.
KUKKONEN, K., E. SAVILAHTI, et al. 2008. Long-term safety and impact on infection rates of postnatal probiotic and prebiotic (synbiotic) treatment: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 122(1): 8-12.
LEE, D. J., DRONGOWSKI, R. A., et al. 2000. Evaluation of probiotic treatment in a neonatal animal model. Pediatr. Surg. Int. 16: 237-242.
LIM, K. S., HUH, C. S., et al. 1993. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bifidobacteria. J. Diary Sci. 76: 2168-2174.
OUWEHAND, A. C., KIRJAVAINEN, P. V., et al. 1999. Probiotics: mechanisms and established effects. Internat. Diary J. 9: 43-52.
RAUTIO, M., JOUSIMIES-SOMER, H., et al. 1999. Liver abscess due to a Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain indistinguishable from L. rhamno sus strain GG. Clin. Inf. Dis. 28: 1159-1160.
RUSELER-VAN EMBDEN, J. G. H., VAN LIESHOUT, L. M. C., 1995. Inability of Lactobacillus casei strain GG, L. acidophilus, and Bifidobacteri um bifidum to degrade intestinal mucus glycoproteins. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 30: 675-680.
RUSELER-VAN EMBDEN, J. G. H., VAN LIESHOUT, L. M. C., et al. 1995. No degradation of intestinal mucus glycoproteins by Lactobacillus casei strain GG. Microecol. Therapy 25: 304-309.
SAAVEDRA, J. M., ABI-HANNA, A., et al. 2004. Long-term consumption of infant formulas containing live probiotic bacteria: tolerance and safety. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79: 261-267.
SALMINEN, M.K., TYNKKYNEN, S., et al. 2002. Lactobacillus bacteremia during a rapid increase in probiotic use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Finland. Clin. Infect. Dis. 35: 1155-1160.
SALMINEN, M.K., RAUTELIN, H., et al. 2004. Lactobacillus bacteremia, clinical significance, and patient outcome, with special focus on probiotic L. rhamnosus GG. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38(1): 62-69.
SALMINEN, M. K., H. RAUTELIN, et al. 2006. Lactobacillus bacteremia, species identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility of 85 blood isolates. Clin. Infect. Dis. 42(5): 35-44.
SALMINEN, S., VON WRIGHT, A., et al. 1998. Demonstration of safety of probiotics - a review. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 44(1-2): 93-106.
SAXELIN, M., CHUANG, N. H., et al. 1996. Lactobacilli and bacteremia in southern Finland, 1989-1992. Clin. Inf. Dis. 22: 564-566.
SAXELIN, M., RAUTELIN, H., et al. 1996. The safety of commercial products with viable Lactobacillus strains. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 5(5): 331-335.
SULLIVAN, A. and C. E. NORD, 2006. Probiotic lactobacilli and bacteraemia in Stockholm. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 38(5): 327-331.
TYNKKYNEN, S., SINGH, K., et al. 1998. Vancomycin resistance factor in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in relation to enterococcal vancomycin resistance (van) genes. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 41: 195-204.
YEUNG, P. S. M., KITTS, C. L., et al. 2004. Application of genotypic and phenotypic analyses to commercial probiotic strain identity and relatedness. J. Appl. Microbiol. 97: 1095-1104.
ZHOU, J. S., C. J. PILLIDGE, et al. 2005. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of new probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 98(2): 211-217.

7. Technologické charakteristiky, taxonómia a genetika

ANANTA, E. and D. KNORR, 2004. Evidence on the role of protein biosynthesis in the induction of heat tolerance of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by pressure pre-treatment. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 96(3): 307-313.
BRANDT, K., and ALATOSSAVA, T. 2003. Specific identification of certain probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains with PCR primers based on phage-related sequences. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 84: 189-196.
BRANDT, K., TILSALA-TIMISJÄRVI, A., et al. 2001. Phage-related DNA polymorphism in dairy and probiotic Lactobacillus. Micron. 32: 59-65.
CORCORAN, B. M., R. P. ROSS, et al. 2004. Comparative survival of probiotic lactobacilli spray-dried in the presence of prebiotic substances. J. Appl. Microbiol. 96(5): 1024-1039.
CORCORAN, B. M., C. STANTON, et al. 2005. Survival of probiotic lactobacilli in acidic environments is enhanced in the presence of metabolizable sugars. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71(6): 3060-3067.
CORCORAN, B. M., C. STANTON, et al. 2007. Growth of probiotic lactobacilli in the presence of oleic acid enhances subsequent survival in gastric juice. Microbiology 153(1): 291-299.
De KEERSMAECKER, S. C., K. BRAEKEN, et al. 2006. Flow cytometric testing of green fluorescent protein-tagged Lactobacillus rham nosus GG for response to defensins. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72(7): 4923-4930.
El-NEZAMI, H., N. POLYCHRONAKI, et al. 2004. Chemical moieties and interactions involved in the binding of zearalenone to the surface of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains GG. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52(14): 4577-4581.
ERKKILA, S., M. L. SUIHKO, et al. 2001. Dry sausage fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 64(1-2): 205-210.
FARNWORTH, E. R., I. MAINVILLE, et al. 2007. Growth of probiotic bacteria and bifidobacteria in a soy yogurt formulation. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 116(1): 174-181.
HEDBERG, M., P. HASSLOF, et al. 2008. Sugar fermentation in probiotic bacteria – an in vitro study. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 23(6): 482-485.
HELLAND, M. H., T. WICKLUND, et al. 2004. Growth and metabolism of selected strains of probiotic bacteria, in maize porridge with added malted barley. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 91(3): 305-313.
CHARTERIS, W. P., KELLY, P. M., et al. 1998. Antibiotic susceptibility of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains. J. Food Protect. 61(12): 1636-1643.
CHARTERIS, W. P., KELLY, P. M., et al. 2000. Effect of conjugated bile salts on antibiotic susceptibility of bile salt-tolerant Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium isolates. J. Food Protect. 63(10): 1369-1376.
CHARTERIS, W. P., KELLY, P. M., et al. 2001. Quality control Lactobacillus strains for use with the API 50CH and API ZYM systems at 37 degrees C. J. Basic Microbiol. 41(5): 241-251.
CHARTERIS, W. P., KELLY, P. M., et al. 2001. Gradient diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing of potentially probiotic lactobacilli.J.Food Prot. 64(12): 2007-2014.
JASKARI, J., KONTULA, P., et al. 1998. Oat ‘-glucan and xylan hydrolysates as selective substrates for Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 49: 175-181.
KAPLAN, H., and HUTKINS, R. W. 2000. Fermentation of fructooligosaccharides by lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 66(6): 2682-2684.
KHEADR, E., DABOUR, N., et al. 2007. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bifidobacteria as affected by oxgall, acid, and hydrogen peroxide stress. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51(1): 169-174.
KNEIFEL, W., RAJAL, A., et al. 2000. In vitro growth behaviour of probiotic bacteria in culture media with carbohydrates of prebiotic importance. Microbial. Ecol. Health Disease 12: 27-34.
KONTULA, P., VON WRIGHT, A., et al. 1998. Oat bran _-gluco- and xylo-oligosaccharides as fermentative substrates for lactic acid bacteria. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 45: 163-169.
LANDERSJÖ, C., YANG, Z., et al. 2002. Structural studies of the exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53103). Biomacromolecules 3(4): 880-884.
LAVERMICOCCA, P., F. VALERIO, et al. 2005. Study of adhesion and survival of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria on table olives with the aim of formulating a new probiotic food. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71(8): 4233-4240.
MALINEN, E., MÄTTO, J., et al. 2002. PCR-ELISA II: Analysis of Bifidobacterium populations in human faecal samples from a consum ption trial with Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and a galacto-oligosaccharide preparation. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 25(2): 249-258.
MATSUMOTO, M., OHISHI, H., et al. 2004. H+-ATPase activity in Bifidobacterium with special reference to acid tolerance. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 93(1): 109-113.
McCRACKEN, A., and TIMMS, P. 1999. Efficiency of transcription from promoter sequence variants in Lactobacillus is both strain and context dependent. J. Bacteriol. 181(20): 6569-6572.
McCRACKEN, A., TURNER, M. S. et al. 2000. Analyses of promoter sequences from Lactobacillus and Lactococcus and their activity in several Lactobacillus species. Arch. Microbiol. 173: 383-389.
MOLLER, C., and DE VRESE, M., 2004. Review: probiotic effects of selected acid bacteria. Milchwissenschaft 59(11/12): 597-601.
NIGHSWONGER, B. D., BRASHEARS, M. M., et al. 1996. Viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei in fermented milk products during refrigerated storage. J. Dairy Sci. 79: 212-219.
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RASTALL, R. A., and MAITIN, V. 2002. Prebiotics and synbiotics: towards the next generation. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 13(5): 490-496.
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TURNER, P. C., Q. K. WU, et al. 2008. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG restores alkaline phosphatase activity in differentiating Caco-2 cells dosed with the potent mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46(6): 2118-2123.
TYNKKYNEN, S., SATOKARI, R., et al. 1999. Comparison of ribotyping, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analyses, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in typing of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. casei. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 65(9): 3908-3914.
VAHCIC, N., HRUSKAR, M., et al. 1999. Aroma profiles and sensory evaluation of probiotic yoghurt. Eur. Food Chem. X., 22-24 Sept. 1999, Budapest, Hungary.
VENTURA M, RENIERO R, et al. 2001. Specific identification and targeted characterization of Bifidobacterium lactis from different environmental isolates by a combined multiplex-PCR approach. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67(6):2760-2765.
VERNAZZA, C. L., GIBSON, G. R., et al. 2006. Carbohydrate preference, acid tolerance and bile tolerance in five strains of Bifidobacterium. J. Appl. Microbiol. 100(4): 846-853.
VINDEROLA, C. G., MOCCHIUTTI, P., et al. 2002. Interactions among lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria used for fermented dairy products. J. Dairy Sci. 85(4): 721-729.
VINDEROLA, G., and REINHEIMER, J. A. 2003. Lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria: a comparative "in vitro" study of probiotic characteristics and biological barrier resistance. Food Res. Internat. 36: 895-904.
VIZOSO PINTO, M. G., T. SCHUSTER, et al. 2007. Adhesive and chemokine stimulatory properties of potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains. J. Food Prot. 70(1): 125-134.
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YEUNG, P. S. M., SANDERS, M. E., et al. 2002. Species-specific identification of commercial probiotic strains. J. Dairy Sci. 85: 1039-1051.